Influence of Pre- Pregnancy Weight, Food Habits and Lifestyle on Gestational Diabetes

Sandhya Singh^1* and Asna Urooj²

¹Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, India, 560011
²DOS in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India, 570005.

Correspondence Email: sandhyasingh228@yahoo.com

This study aimed to assess the influence of pre- pregnancy weight, food habits and lifestyle on gestational diabetes and identify the contributing factors.
Using a case-control study methodology, a total of 102 women were selected by random sampling from a hospital.  Anthropometric measurements were taken and information on somatic data, dietary intake and physical activity levels were collected by interviewing the subjects using a validated questionnaire and analysed the data by employing relevant statistical treatment. Subjects were classified as GDM women and control group based on their blood glucose levels.
Of the women who participated in the study, majority of GDM women had a higher BMI (25.58 ±3.50 kg/m²) than control group (24.02±3.18 kg/m²). The number of women in obesity Grade I and Grade II in GDM women were high. protein intake was lower and fat intake higher than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) in both groups. Energy contribution from carbohydrates and protein was higher from carbohydrates and fat in both groups. Physical activity among these pregnant women was sedentary.
Maintaining normal pre-pregnancy weight, dietary habits and physical activity schedule as prescribed before pregnancy and early screening for GDM during pregnancy to initiate intervention will prevent gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Macrosomia; Hyperbilirubinemia; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Polycythemia; Shoulder Dystocia; Hypoglycaemia; Hypocalcemia

[ HTML Full Text]