Assessment of Rats Fed Protein-Deficient Diets Supplemented with Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal

Yanga Nonelela Mhlomi¹, Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin², Gloria Aderonke Otunola¹* and Anthony Jide Afolayan¹

¹Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.

²Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa.

Corresponding Author Email: gotunola@ufh.ac.za

This report is part of a larger study on bioavailability of nutrients in Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) grown in South Africa. Albino male rats were assigned into five groups each having a replicate of five; PD-protein deficient diet, PD3, PD5 and PD10 had protein insufficient diets augmented with MOLM at 3, 5 and 10% respectively, while control (C)- was fed normal rat chow, for 28 days. Growth performances were recorded weekly, blood biochemistry and histopathology of the animals were evaluated in the serum and selected organs respectively. Severe loss in body weight caused by PD was slightly ameliorated by MOLM supplementation; improved protein quality indicated by higher red blood cells count was noticed in animals fed the augmented diets, while decrease in lymphocytes count reflected possible leucopoiesis and immunomodulatory effect of MOLM. High platelet counts (807.5 x109/L-1011.27x109/L) could indicate secondary anaemia caused by PD, while decrease in calcium and total protein was improved by MOLM. Increase in creatinine for all treatments could imply that kidney function was compromised. Serum ALP, ALT and AST activities were down regulated significantly in animals fed MOLM diets, suggesting organ-protective properties of Moringa. Histopathological evaluation of organs supported the biochemical findings and confirmed the negative effect of dietary protein deficiency. Although MOLM is nutrient-rich, unprocessed MOLM impacted negatively on physiology of the rats and could not completely replace protein in the diet.

Bioavailability; Haematology; Histopathology; MOLM; Moringa Oleifera; Protein Deficiency

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