Ethanol Extracts of Ficus carica Fruit and Leaf Normalize High Serum Lipid Profile, TNF-α, and MDA due to High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat

Yhani Kartika Sukowati¹, Andrew Johan³, Retno Murwani^{1, 2, 4*}

¹Department of Nutrition, Master Programme in Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto Semarang, Indonesia.

²Department of Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.

³Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.

⁴Natural Product Laboratory, Integrated laboratory for Research and Services, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.

Corresponding Author Email: rmurwani.undip@gmail.com

Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ficus carica fruit and leaf contain polyphenolic compounds that can inhibit lipid peroxidation. Our research aimed to study the effect of ethanol extract of F. carica fruit (FcFrEx) and F. carica leaves ( FcLfEx ) on serum lipid (total cholesterol, LDLchol, HDLchol, Triglyceride (TG)), TNF-α, and MDA levels in rat fed a high-fat diet. This experiment was a randomized control group design with pre and post-test using 32 male Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were divided randomly into 4 groups: control diet ( C ), high-fat diet ( HF ), high-fat diet plus FcFrEx ( HF+FcFrEx ), and high-fat diet plus FcLfEx (HF + FcLfEx). The high-fat diet was given to HF, HF+FcFrEx, and HF+FcLfEx groups for 7 weeks and then FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW were given to HF+FcFrEx and FcLfEx groups respectively for 3 weeks. Data for each group at the end of 7 weeks feeding (pre-test) and the end of the experiment i.e 10 weeks (post-test) were analyzed using the paired t-test. Data among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW can reduce serum lipid, TNF-α, and MDA levels. In conclusion, both FcFrEx and FcLfEx can ameliorate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet in Sprague Dawley rat.

Cardiac; Endothelial Dysfunction; Indonesia; Inflammation; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Tin

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