Proximate Composition, Functional and Sensory Properties of Bambara Nut (Voandzeia Subterranean), Cassava (Manihot Esculentus) and Soybean (Glycine Max) Flour Blends for “Akpekpa” Production

Bibiana  Igbabul^*,  Doris  Adole and S. Sule

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria.

Abstract:

Bambara nut (Voandzeia substerranean L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and soybean (Glycine max) flour blends  were used in producing “akpekpa” which is similar to “okpa”  wrapped in Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves (Ikya-kon). The blends at different percentages (Sample A = 100% Bambara nut flour, B = 80% Bambara nut flour + 20% cassava flour, C = 80% Bambara nut flour + 20% soyflour and D = 70% Bambara nut flour + 15% cassava flour + 15% s

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria

oyflour) were studied for proximate composition, functional and sensory properties of the akpekpa made from the flours. The result of the proximate composition showed significant difference (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in  carbohydrate (62.87 – 67.88), fat (4.04 – 5.75), moisture (8.95 – 10.01) and protein (14.25 – 16.25), while ash (3.49 – 3.50) and fibre (1.40 – 1.45), showed no significant difference between the samples, measured in percentages. The result of functional properties also showed significant difference (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in  foaming capacity (11.77 – 23.77ml/g) and water absorption capacity (1.93 – 2.15g/g), while  bulk density (0.69 – 0.71g/cm³), oil absorption capacity (2.26 – 2.73g/g) and gelation concentration (4.00% w/v) showed no significant difference between the samples. The result for sensory characteristics also showed significant differences at (P­­­­­­< 0.05) in taste (6.27 – 7.73), flavor (6.20 – 7.80), colour (7.00 – 7.93) and general acceptability (6.47 – 7.80), while there was no significant difference in texture (6.67 – 7.13) between the samples. From the sensory scores, akpekpa  produced from 80% Bambara nut, 20% cassava flour and 80% Bambara nut , 20% soy flour were well accepted. The supplementation of bambara nut flour with 20% cassava flour was most acceptable followed by that with 20% soyflour.

Keywords:

Bambara nut;cassava;soybean; akpekpa; Thaumatococcus daniellii

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